Локалізація бухгалтерського обліку¶
Попередження
Цей посібник вимагає знань про те, як створити модуль в Odoo (див. Server framework 101).
Процедура встановлення¶
Після встановлення модуля обліковий запис модуль локалізації, що відповідає коду країни компанії, встановлюється автоматично. Якщо код країни не встановлено або модуль локалізації не знайдено, модуль локалізації l10n_generic_coa (США) встановлюється за замовчуванням. Перегляньте post init hook для отримання детальної інформації.
Наприклад, l10n_ch буде встановлено, якщо компанія має країну Швейцарія.
Створення модуля локалізації¶
Структуру базового модуля l10n_XX можна описати за допомогою наступного файлу __manifest__.py:
{
"name": "COUNTRY - Accounting",
"version": "1.0.0",
"category": "Accounting/Localizations/Account Charts",
"license": "LGPL-3",
"depends": [
"account",
],
"data": [
"data/other_data.xml",
"views/xxxmodel_views.xml",
],
"demo": [
"demo/demo_company.xml",
]
}
Ваше робоче дерево має виглядати ось так
l10n_xx
├── data
│ ├── template
│ │ ├── account.account-xx.csv
│ │ ├── account.group-xx.csv
│ │ └── account.tax.group-xx.csv
│ └── other_data.xml
├── views
│ └── xxxmodel_views.xml
├── demo
│ └── demo_company.xml
├── models
│ ├── template_xx.py
│ └── __init__.py
├── __init__.py
└── __manifest__.py
У першому файлі models/template_xx.py ми встановлюємо назву для плану рахунків разом з деякими основними полями.
Перегляньте також
Example
addons/l10n_be/models/template_be.py
def _get_be_template_data(self):
return {
'name': _('Base'),
'visible': False,
'code_digits': '6',
'property_account_receivable_id': 'a400',
'property_account_payable_id': 'a440',
'property_account_expense_categ_id': 'a600',
'property_account_income_categ_id': 'a7000',
}
@template('be', 'res.company')
def _get_be_res_company(self):
return {
self.env.company.id: {
'account_fiscal_country_id': 'base.be',
'bank_account_code_prefix': '550',
'cash_account_code_prefix': '570',
'transfer_account_code_prefix': '580',
'account_default_pos_receivable_account_id': 'a4001',
'income_currency_exchange_account_id': 'a754',
'expense_currency_exchange_account_id': 'a654',
'account_journal_suspense_account_id': 'a499',
'account_journal_early_pay_discount_loss_account_id': 'a657000',
'account_journal_early_pay_discount_gain_account_id': 'a757000',
'account_sale_tax_id': 'attn_VAT-OUT-21-L',
'account_purchase_tax_id': 'attn_VAT-IN-V81-21',
'default_cash_difference_income_account_id': 'a757100',
'default_cash_difference_expense_account_id': 'a657100',
'transfer_account_id': 'a58',
},
}
@template('be', 'account.journal')
def _get_be_account_journal(self):
return {
'sale': {'refund_sequence': True},
'purchase': {'refund_sequence': True},
}
@template('be', 'account.reconcile.model')
План рахунків¶
Облікові записи¶
Перегляньте також
Посилання на облікові записи
Очевидно, що План рахунків не може існувати без Рахунки. Вам потрібно вказати їх у data/account.account.template.csv.
Example
addons/l10n_ch/data/template/account.account-ch.csv
"id","name","code","account_type","reconcile","name@de","name@it","name@fr","name@ar","name@zh_CN","name@nl"
"ch_coa_1060","Securities (with stock exchange price)","1060","asset_current","False","Wertpapiere (mit Börsenkurs)","Titoli","Titres","","",""
"ch_coa_1069","Accumulated depreciation on securities","1069","asset_current","False","Kumulierte Abschreibungen auf Wertpapiere","Rettifica valore titoli","Ajustement de la valeur des titres","","",""
"ch_coa_1090","Salary-Pass-Through Account","1090","asset_current","True","Gehaltsdurchlaufkonto","Conto di trasferimento dello stipendio","Compte de transfert de salaire","","",""
"ch_coa_1091","Transfer account: Salaries","1091","asset_current","True","Transferkonto: Gehälter","Conto d'attesa - Salari","Compte d'attente pour salaires","","",""
"ch_coa_1099","Transfer account: miscellaneous","1099","asset_current","True","Transferkonto: Verschiedenes","Conto d'attesa - altro","Compte d'attente autre","","",""
"ch_coa_1100","Accounts receivable from goods and services (Debtors)","1100","asset_receivable","True","Forderungen aus Lieferungen und Leistungen (Debitoren)","Crediti da forniture e prestazioni (debitori)","Débiteurs","","",""
"ch_coa_1101","Receivable (PoS)","1101","asset_receivable","True","Forderungen (PoS)","Crediti (Punti Vendita)","Débiteurs (PoS)","","",""
"ch_coa_1109","Del credere (Acc. depr. on debtors)","1109","asset_current","False","Delkredere (Akontoabzug für Schuldner)","Delcredere","Ducroire","","",""
"ch_coa_1140","Advances and loans","1140","asset_current","False","Vorschüsse und Darlehen","Anticipi e prestiti","Avances et prêts","","",""
"ch_coa_1149","Advances and loans adjustments","1149","asset_current","False","Anpassungen von Vorschüssen und Darlehen","Rettifica valore anticipi e prestiti","Ajustement de la valeur des avances et des prêts","","",""
"ch_coa_1170","Input Tax (VAT) receivable on material, goods, services, energy","1170","asset_current","False","Vorsteuer (MwSt.) auf Material, Waren, Dienstleistungen, Energie","IVA, Imposta precedente su materiale, merce, servizi e energia","Impôt préalable: TVA s/matériel, marchandises, prestations et énergie","","",""
"ch_coa_1171","Input Tax (VAT) receivable on investments, other operating expenses","1171","asset_current","False","Vorsteuer (MwSt.) auf Investitionen, sonstige betriebliche Aufwendungen","IVA, imposta precedente su investimenti e altri costi d’esercizio","Impôt préalable: TVA s/investissements et autres charges d’exploitation","","",""
Попередження
Уникайте використання
asset_cashaccount_type! Дійсно, банківські та грошові рахунки створюються безпосередньо під час встановлення модуля локалізації, а потім пов’язуються зaccount.journal.Для загального випадку достатньо лише одного рахунку типу кредиторська/дебіторська заборгованість. Однак нам також потрібно визначити рахунок дебіторської заборгованості PoS (посилання в CoA).
Не створюйте забагато облікових записів: 200-300 достатньо. Але здебільшого ми намагаємося знайти хороший баланс, де Сертифікат аналізу потребуватиме мінімальної адаптації для більшості компаній згодом.
Групи облікових записів¶
Перегляньте також
Групи рахунків дозволяють описувати ієрархічну структуру плану рахунків. Фільтр потрібно активувати у звіті, і тоді, коли ви розгорнете записи журналу, він відображатиме батьківські елементи рахунку.
Він працює з префіксом start/end, тому кожен обліковий запис, код якого починається з чогось між start та end, матиме цю account.group як батьківську групу. Крім того, групи облікових записів також можуть мати батьківську групу облікових записів для формування ієрархії.
Example
addons/l10n_il/data/template/account.group-il.csv
id |
code_prefix_start |
code_prefix_end |
name |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
il_group_100100 |
100100 |
100499 |
Основні активи |
רכוש קבוע |
il_group_101110 |
101110 |
101400 |
Поточні активи |
רכוש שוטף |
il_group_101401 |
101401 |
101799 |
Bank And Cash |
בנק ומזומנים |
il_group_111000 |
111000 |
111999 |
Поточні зобов’язання |
התחייבויות שוטפות |
il_group_112000 |
112000 |
112210 |
Довгострокові зобов’язання |
התחייבויות לא שוטפות |
il_group_200000 |
200000 |
200199 |
Дохід від продажів |
הכנסות ממכירות |
il_group_200200 |
200200 |
200300 |
Інші доходи |
הכנסות אחרות |
il_group_201000 |
201000 |
201299 |
Cost of Goods |
עלות המכר |
il_group_202000 |
202000 |
220900 |
Витрати |
הוצאות |
il_group_300000 |
300000 |
399999 |
Капітал та акції |
הון ומניות |
Податки¶
Перегляньте також
Щоб додати податки, спочатку потрібно вказати податкові групи. Зазвичай вам потрібна лише одна податкова група для кожної податкової ставки, за винятком 0%, оскільки часто потрібно розрізняти звільнені від оподаткування, 0%, не підлягаючі податку тощо. Ця модель має лише два обов’язкових поля: name та country. Створіть файл data/template/account.tax.group-xx.csv та перелічіть групи.
Example
addons/l10n_uk/data/template/account.tax.group-uk.csv
"id","name","country_id","tax_payable_account_id","tax_receivable_account_id"
"tax_group_0","TAX 0%","base.uk","2202","2202"
"tax_group_5","TAX 5%","base.uk","2202","2202"
"tax_group_175","TAX 17.5%","base.uk","2202","2202"
"tax_group_20","TAX 20%","base.uk","2202","2202"
Тепер ви можете додати податки через файл data/template/account.tax-xx.csv. Перший податок, який ви визначите, а саме податок на купівлю/продаж, також стане податком на купівлю/продаж за замовчуванням для ваших товарів.
Example
addons/l10n_ae/data/template/account.tax-ae.csv
"id","name","type_tax_use","amount","amount_type","description","invoice_label","tax_group_id","repartition_line_ids/repartition_type","repartition_line_ids/document_type","repartition_line_ids/tag_ids","repartition_line_ids/account_id","repartition_line_ids/factor_percent"
"uae_sale_tax_5_dubai","5% DB","sale","5.0","percent","Vat 5% Dubai","VAT 5%","ae_tax_group_5","base","invoice","+b. Dubai (Base)","",""
"","","","","","","","","tax","invoice","+b. Dubai (Tax)","uae_account_201017",""
"","","","","","","","","base","refund","-b. Dubai (Base)","",""
"","","","","","","","","tax","refund","-b. Dubai (Tax)","uae_account_201017",""
"uae_sale_tax_5_abu_dhabi","5% AD","sale","5.0","percent","VAT 5% Abu Dhabi","VAT 5%","ae_tax_group_5","base","invoice","+a. Abu Dhabi (Base)","",""
"","","","","","","","","tax","invoice","+a. Abu Dhabi (Tax)","uae_account_201017",""
"","","","","","","","","base","refund","-a. Abu Dhabi (Base)","",""
"","","","","","","","","tax","refund","-a. Abu Dhabi (Tax)","uae_account_201017",""
"uae_sale_tax_5_sharjah","5% S","sale","5.0","percent","VAT 5% Sharjah","VAT 5%","ae_tax_group_5","base","invoice","+c. Sharjah (Base)","",""
"","","","","","","","","tax","invoice","+c. Sharjah (Tax)","uae_account_201017",""
"","","","","","","","","base","refund","-c. Sharjah (Base)","",""
"","","","","","","","","tax","refund","-c. Sharjah (Tax)","uae_account_201017",""
"uae_sale_tax_5_ajman","5% A","sale","5.0","percent","VAT 5% Ajman","VAT 5%","ae_tax_group_5","base","invoice","+d. Ajman (Base)","",""
"","","","","","","","","tax","invoice","+d. Ajman (Tax)","uae_account_201017",""
"","","","","","","","","base","refund","-d. Ajman (Base)","",""
"","","","","","","","","tax","refund","-d. Ajman (Tax)","uae_account_201017",""
"uae_sale_tax_5_umm_al_quwain","5% UAQ","sale","5.0","percent","VAT 5% Umm Al Quwain","VAT 5%","ae_tax_group_5","base","invoice","+e. Umm Al Quwain (Base)","",""
"","","","","","","","","tax","invoice","+e. Umm Al Quwain (Tax)","uae_account_201017",""
"","","","","","","","","base","refund","-e. Umm Al Quwain (Base)","",""
"","","","","","","","","tax","refund","-e. Umm Al Quwain (Tax)","uae_account_201017",""
"uae_sale_tax_5_ras_al_khaima","5% RAK","sale","5.0","percent","VAT 5% Ras Al-Khaima","VAT 5%","ae_tax_group_5","base","invoice","+f. Ras Al-Khaima (Base)","",""
Податкова декларація¶
Податковий звіт оголошується в застосунку Виставлення рахунків (account), але звіт доступний лише тоді, коли встановлено Бухгалтерський облік (account_accountant).
Перегляньте також
У попередньому розділі ви помітили поля invoice_repartition_line_ids або refund_repartition_line_ids і, ймовірно, нічого про них не зрозуміли. Гарна новина: ви не самотні в такому нерозуміння. Погана новина: вам доведеться трохи розібратися. Тема складна. Дійсно:
![digraph foo {
graph [
newrank=true,
overlap=false,
];
node [
fontname="Ubuntu"
fontsize=10,
style="filled,setlinewidth(6)",
shape=box,
height=0.1,
width=0.1,
];
edge [
fontsize=8,
];
res_country[label="res.country", fillcolor=white, penwidth=1];
subgraph cluster_invoice {
style = filled;
label = "Invoices";
color = lightyellow;
node [style=filled, color=white];
edge [fontsize=8,];
account_move_line[label="account.move.line"]
account_tax[label="account.tax"]
account_tax_repartition_line[label="account.tax.repartition.line"];
account_account_tag[label="account.account.tag"];
account_move_line -> account_tax [label="tax_ids | tax_line_ids"];
account_move_line -> account_tax_repartition_line [label="tax_repartition_line_id"];
account_move_line -> account_account_tag [label="tag_ids"];
account_tax_repartition_line -> account_account_tag [label="tag_ids"];
account_tax -> account_tax_repartition_line [label="1 for base, 1..* for tax amount"];
}
subgraph cluster_reporting {
style = filled;
label = "Reporting";
color = mistyrose;
node [style=filled, color=white];
edge [fontsize=8,];
account_tax_report [label="account.report"];
account_tax_report_line [label="account.report.line"];
account_report_expression [label="account.report.expression"];
account_tax_report -> account_tax_report_line [label="0..*"]
}
subgraph cluster_templates {
style = filled;
label = "Templates";
color = lightblue;
node [style=filled, color=white];
edge [fontsize=8,];
account_tax_template[label="account.tax.template"];
account_tax_repartition_line_template[label="account.tax.repartition.line.template"];
account_tax_template -> account_tax_repartition_line_template [label="1 for base, 1..* for tax amount"];
}
{
rank=same;
account_move_line;
account_tax_report;
}
{
rank=same;
account_tax;
account_tax_repartition_line;
account_account_tag;
res_country;
}
{
rank=same;
account_report_expression;
account_tax_template;
account_tax_repartition_line_template;
}
account_tax -> account_tax_template [label=" Creates when\n installing CoA", dir=back];
account_tax_repartition_line -> account_tax_repartition_line_template[label=" Creates when\n installing CoA", dir=back];
account_tax_repartition_line_template -> account_account_tag [label="tag_ids"];
account_tax_report_line -> account_report_expression [label="0..*"];
account_tax_report_line -> account_tax_report_line [label="children_ids"];
account_report_expression -> account_account_tag [label="Engine tax_tags 1..*"];
account_tax_report -> res_country [label="0..1"];
account_account_tag -> res_country [label="0..1"];
}](../../_images/graphviz-a6f9dd5b1e5c804f44b7307d6723656c048761d4.png)
Простий варіант полягає в тому, що в шаблоні податку ви вказуєте в рядках перерозподілу рахунку/відшкодування, чи потрібно вказувати базу чи відсоток податку в якому рядку звіту (через поля minus/plus_report_line_ids). Це також стає зрозуміло, коли ви перевіряєте конфігурацію податку в інтерфейсі Odoo (або перевіряєте документацію Податкові посилання, Посилання на перерозподіл податків).
Отже, після правильного налаштування податків вам просто потрібно додати файл data/account_tax_report_data.xml із записом для вашого account.report. Щоб його вважали податковим звітом, вам потрібно надати йому правильний root_report_id.
<odoo>
<record id="tax_report" model="account.report">
<field name="name">Tax Report</field>
<field name="root_report_id" ref="account.generic_tax_report"/>
<field name="country_id" ref="base.XX"/>
</record>
...
</odoo>
… а потім оголошення його рядків, як записів account.report.line.
Example
addons/l10n_au/data/account_tax_report_data.xml
<record id="tax_report" model="account.report">
<field name="name">BAS Report</field>
<field name="root_report_id" ref="account.generic_tax_report"/>
<field name="country_id" ref="base.au"/>
<field name="filter_fiscal_position" eval="True"/>
<field name="availability_condition">country</field>
<field name="column_ids">
<record id="tax_report_balance" model="account.report.column">
<field name="name">Balance</field>
<field name="expression_label">balance</field>
</record>
</field>
<field name="line_ids">
<record id="account_tax_report_gstrpt_sale_total" model="account.report.line">
<field name="name">GST amounts you owe the Tax Office from sales</field>
<field name="hierarchy_level">0</field>
<field name="children_ids">
<record id="account_tax_report_gstrpt_g1" model="account.report.line">
<field name="name">G1: Total Sales (including any GST)</field>
<field name="code">G1</field>
<field name="expression_ids">
<record id="account_tax_report_gstrpt_g1_tag" model="account.report.expression">
<field name="label">balance</field>
<field name="engine">tax_tags</field>
<field name="formula">G1</field>
</record>
</field>
<field name="children_ids">
<record id="account_tax_report_gstrpt_g2" model="account.report.line">
<field name="name">G2: Export sales</field>
<field name="code">G2</field>
<field name="expression_ids">
<record id="account_tax_report_gstrpt_g2_tag" model="account.report.expression">
<field name="label">balance</field>
<field name="engine">tax_tags</field>
<field name="formula">G2</field>
</record>
</field>
</record>
Фіскальні позиції¶
Перегляньте також
Вкажіть фінансові позиції у файлі data/template/account.fiscal.position-xx.csv.
Example
addons/l10n_es/data/template/account.fiscal.position-es_common.csv
"id","sequence","name","name@es","name@ca","auto_apply","vat_required","country_id","country_group_id","tax_ids/tax_src_id","tax_ids/tax_dest_id","account_ids/account_src_id","account_ids/account_dest_id"
"fp_nacional","1","Domestic","Régimen Nacional","Règim nacional","1","1","base.es","","","","",""
"fp_intra_private","2","EU private","EU privado","EU privat","1","","","base.europe","","","",""
"fp_intra","3","Intra-community","Régimen Intracomunitario","Règim intracomunitari","1","1","","base.europe","account_tax_template_p_iva0_s_bc","account_tax_template_p_iva0_ic_bc","",""
"","","","","","","","","","account_tax_template_p_iva0_s_sc","account_tax_template_p_iva0_ic_sc","",""
"","","","","","","","","","account_tax_template_p_iva2_bc","account_tax_template_p_iva2_ic_bc","",""
"","","","","","","","","","account_tax_template_p_iva2_sc","account_tax_template_p_iva2_ic_sc","",""
"","","","","","","","","","account_tax_template_p_iva4_bc","account_tax_template_p_iva4_ic_bc","",""
"","","","","","","","","","account_tax_template_p_iva4_sc","account_tax_template_p_iva4_sp_in","",""
"","","","","","","","","","account_tax_template_p_iva4_bi","account_tax_template_p_iva4_ic_bi","",""
"","","","","","","","","","account_tax_template_p_iva5_bc","account_tax_template_p_iva5_ic_bc","",""
"","","","","","","","","","account_tax_template_p_iva5_sc","account_tax_template_p_iva5_ic_sc","",""
"","","","","","","","","","account_tax_template_p_iva7-5_bc","account_tax_template_p_iva7-5_ic_bc","",""
"","","","","","","","","","account_tax_template_p_iva7-5_sc","account_tax_template_p_iva7-5_ic_sc","",""
"","","","","","","","","","account_tax_template_p_iva10_bc","account_tax_template_p_iva10_ic_bc","",""
"","","","","","","","","","account_tax_template_p_iva10_sc","account_tax_template_p_iva10_sp_in","",""
"","","","","","","","","","account_tax_template_p_iva10_bi","account_tax_template_p_iva10_ic_bi","",""
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"","","","","","","","","","","","account_common_7000","account_common_7001"
"","","","","","","","","","","","account_common_7010","account_common_7011"
"","","","","","","","","","","","account_common_7020","account_common_7021"
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"","","","","","","","","","","","account_common_7040","account_common_7041"
"","","","","","","","","","","","account_common_7050","account_common_7051"
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"","","","","","","","","","account_tax_template_p_iva4_bc","account_tax_template_p_dua_exempt","",""
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"","","","","","","","","","account_tax_template_p_iva5_bc","account_tax_template_p_dua_exempt","",""
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Фінальні кроки¶
Зрештою, ви можете додати демонстраційну компанію, щоб локалізацію можна було легко протестувати в демонстраційному режимі.
Example
addons/l10n_ch/demo/demo_company.xml
<record id="partner_demo_company_ch" model="res.partner">
<field name="name">CH Company</field>
<field name="vat">CHE-530781296TVA</field>
<field name="street">14 Meierskappelerstrasse</field>
<field name="city">Risch-Rotkreuz</field>
<field name="country_id" ref="base.ch"/>
<field name="zip">6343</field>
<field name="phone">+41 78 123 45 67</field>
<field name="email">info@company.chexample.com</field>
<field name="website">www.chexample.com</field>
</record>
<record id="partner_demo_company_bank_account" model="res.partner.bank">
<field name="acc_type">iban</field>
<field name="acc_number">CH4431999123000889012</field>
<field name="partner_id" ref="l10n_ch.partner_demo_company_ch"/>
</record>
<record id="demo_company_ch" model="res.company">
<field name="name">CH Company</field>
<field name="partner_id" ref="partner_demo_company_ch"/>
</record>
<function model="res.company" name="_onchange_country_id">
<value eval="[ref('demo_company_ch')]"/>
</function>
<function model="res.users" name="write">
<value eval="[ref('base.user_root'), ref('base.user_admin'), ref('base.user_demo')]"/>
<value eval="{'company_ids': [(4, ref('l10n_ch.demo_company_ch'))]}"/>
</function>
<function model="account.chart.template" name="try_loading">
<value eval="[]"/>
<value>ch</value>
<value model="res.company" eval="obj().env.ref('l10n_ch.demo_company_ch')"/>
</function>
Бухгалтерські звіти¶
Перегляньте також
Бухгалтерські звіти слід додавати через окремий модуль l10n_XX_reports, який має потрапляти до корпоративного репозиторію.
Базовий файл __manifest__.py для такого модуля виглядає так:
{
"name": "COUNTRY - Accounting Reports",
"category": "Accounting/Localizations/Reporting",
"version": "1.0.0",
"license": "OEEL-1",
"depends": [
"l10n_XX", "account_reports"
],
"data": [
"data/balance_sheet.xml",
"data/profit_and_loss.xml",
],
"auto_install": True,
}
Функціональний огляд фінансових звітів знаходиться тут: Звітність.
Деякі гарні приклади:
Ви можете перевірити значення полів тут:
Якщо ви надали звіту значення root_report_id, воно тепер доступне в селекторі варіантів. Якщо ні, вам все одно потрібно додати для нього пункт меню. Пункт меню за замовчуванням можна створити з форми звіту, натиснувши . Потім вам потрібно буде оновити сторінку, щоб побачити його. Або ж, щоб створити окремий розділ для абсолютно нового звіту в меню Звітування, вам потрібно створити новий запис ir.ui.menu (зазвичай у головному модулі l10n_XX) та новий ir.actions.client (зазвичай у XML-файлі нового звіту), який викликає account.report з новим report id. Потім встановіть нове меню як поле parent_id у моделі дій.